Financial Analysis Report of Ace Hardware-Samples for Students

Question: Compose a report on Financial Analysis of Ace Hardware. Answer: Presentation Investigation of budget summaries helps in assessing the business execution of the firm and gives the best approach to settle on budgetary choices. Money related investigation can be helped through proportion examination, pattern investigation, and vertical level examination and other bookkeeping apparatuses. In this task money related investigation of ACE Hardware has been brought out most recent two years through utilizing the proportion examination method. Proportion investigation is done to assess the liquidity, monetary adaptability, working ability and productivity of the given organization. Figuring of budgetary Ratios Monetary Ratios Recipe A long time 201X 201Y Liquidity Ratios Current Ratio Current Assets/Current Liabilities 1.71 1.47 Speedy Ratio Speedy Assets/Current Liabilities 0.68 0.61 Benefit Ratios Net Profit Margin Net Profit/Net Sales 26.07% 25.16% Net Profit Margin Net Profit/Net Sales 0.00001% 0.008% Profit for Total Assets Net Profit/Total Assets 0.00003% 0.035% Profit for Owner's Equity Net Profit/Shareholder's Equity 0.00082% 2.72% Productivity Ratios Stock Turnover Ratio Pinions/Average Inventory 7.34 Records Receivable Turnover Credit Sales/Average ARs 8.76 Capital Structure Obligation Ratio Absolute Liabilities/Total resources 0.97 0.99 Money related Data used to compute the Ratio Points of interest 201X 201Y Current resources $ 2,813,687.00 $ 2,106,718.00 Current Liabilities $ 1,642,469.00 $ 1,436,026.00 Stock $ 1,697,220.00 $ 1,231,111.00 Fast Assets $ 1,116,467.00 $ 875,607.00 Net Profit $ 3,791,024.00 $ 3,014,553.00 Net Profit $ 1.00 $ 993.00 Net Sales $ 14,543,837.00 $ 11,981,782.00 Absolute Assets $ 3,584,529.00 $ 2,799,502.00 Investor's Equity $ 122,483.00 $ 36,542.00 Gear-teeth $ 10,752,813.00 $ 8,967,229.00 Normal Inventory $ 1,464,165.50 Credit Sales $ 8,726,302.20 $ 7,189,069.20 Complete Liabilities $ 3,462,046.00 $ 2,762,960.00 Record Receivables $ 1,116,467.00 $ 875,607.00 Normal Accounts Receivables $ 996,037.00 Examination on Financial Performance of Ace Hardware In this section, understanding of money related execution of Ace Hardware will be broke down in setting to liquidity, monetary adaptability, working capacity and productivity. This report looks at the business execution in year 201X with the presentation in year 201Y. Liquidity Analysis Liquidity examination assists with estimating the organization capacity to pay the momentary liabilities through utilizing the transient resources. This investigation assessed the working capital status during the money related years and any inconsistency emerges because of that. To assess the liquidity execution of the organization, proportions like current proportion and brisk are determined. The current proportion quantifies the current resources separated by the current liabilities. That is to say, current proportions check measure of current resources organization stores to pay the current liabilities (Bull, 2007). Current proportion of the Ace Hardware was 1.47 occasions in year 201Y and it was expanded to 1.71 occasions in year 201X. This shows in the current year, measure of current resources has expanded significantly more to pay the little increment in the current liabilities in year 201X. Increment in current resources in year 201X shows that liquidity position of the orga nization was solid as contrast with liquidity position in year 201Y. Brisk Ratio likewise quantifies the liquidity position of the organization yet it disregard current resources, for example, stock and prepaid costs while making the figuring of fast resources. The principle motivation to not consider the stock and prepaid costs while making computation of brisk resources is that these benefits don't give speedy accessibility money and money counterparts in the brief timeframe. Brisk resources of the Ace Hardware was 0.61 occasions in year 201Y and it got expanded to 0.68 occasions in year 201X that shows that money related execution of organization was marginally expanded in the current year as there was increment in momentary resources during the year. Budgetary Flexibility Analysis Each Company expects assets to back the business activities and to buy fixed resources. Wellsprings of capital are chiefly partitioned into two class value and obligation capital. Value capital alludes to proprietors capital and it bears any fixed charge on the salary of the organization (Fridson and Alvarez, 2011). Then again obligation capital alludes to outside capitals that are financed through banks or budgetary organizations. Obligation capital bears the fixed charge on the benefit of the organization and this fund charge must be paid independent of benefit or misfortune to the organization in the specific year. Obligation and obligation value proportion are some of proportions that are consider for making the assessment of the money related adaptability examination. Obligation proportion of Ace equipment in year 201Y was 0.99 occasions which demonstrates that practically 99% of the capital has been financed through the obligation capital and in year 201X it was 97% that shows organization monetary position was exceptionally influence and because of this organization needs to endure fixed intrigue charge each year. Working Capability Working capacity implies how productive the organization was in dealing with the business tasks during the year (Fridson and Alvarez, 2011). For this reason proportion like stock turnover proportion, record of sale turnover proportions are being determined to check the working execution of the organization. Stock turnover proportion was 6.12 occasions in 201Y that demonstrates organization has changed over their stock into deals just 6.12 occasions during the year. This reflects poor activity capacity. Records receivable Turnover was 7.22 occasions in year 201Y that demonstrates that organization permits credit of over 45 days to their clients that is unreasonably huge for such private venture. Productivity Analysis Proportions like Gross net revenue, net revenue, return on all out resources and profit for all out investors value are being determined to assess the productivity of the organization. Net overall revenue was profoundly dissatisfactory for the Ace Hardware Company as organization increase their merchandise at extremely low edge that don't cover the working costs. Organization has earned insignificant measure of net benefit during both the years (Drake and Fabozzi, 2012). This was same with proportions like profit for all out resources and profit for absolute investors value. So generally speaking it tends to be said that productivity position of the organization was exceptionally negative and it requires fast reaction of the administration. End Monetary examination is significant as it helps in assessing the budgetary exhibition of the organization during the year and furthermore helps in contrasting the money related execution of one year with the money related execution of other year. Money related execution of Ace Hardware was bad in both the year and it expects the board to check the issues and make changes appropriately. References Bull, R. 2007. Budgetary Ratios: How to utilize money related proportions to boost worth and accomplishment for your business'. Elsevier. Drake, P. P. furthermore, Fabozzi, F. J. 2012. Investigation of Financial Statements. John Wiley Sons. Fridson, M. S. furthermore, Alvarez, F. 2011. Fiscal summary Analysis: A Practitioner's Guide. John Wiley Sons

Dents Disease: Symptoms, Genetics, and Treatments

Gouges Disease: Symptoms, Genetics, and Treatments Gouges Disease Alessander Leyendecker Junior Clinical Aspects Gouges sickness is an as of late portrayed condition brought about by a hereditary change that prompts a renal cylindrical issue and is described by indications of proximal tubule brokenness. The proximal tubule is responsable for the reabsorption of sodium, potassium, calcium, glucose and low-sub-atomic weight proteins (like retinol restricting protein and ÃŽ ±1 microglobulin and ÃŽ ²2 microglobulin) and for the emission of smelling salts, poisons, medications and H+. In this manner, a proximal tubule brokenness like Dents infection is described by low-atomic weight proteinuria (discharge of low-sub-atomic weight proteins in the pee), hypercalcinuria (high centralization of calcium in the pee), nephocalcinosis (testimony of calcium salts in the renal parenchyma), nephrolithiasis (arrangement of crystalline totals that can grow anyplace along the urinary tract) and dynamic renal disappointment. Low-sub-atomic weight proteinuria speaks to the most well-known manifestation of Dents ail ment (Devuyst Thakker, 2010). Mapping: A higher illness seriousness in guys and an absence of male to male transmission were recognized by an examination of 5 random British families. The way that females may show a milder phenotype recommends a X-connected passive legacy. The locus position on chromossome Xp11 was recognized by linkage examination of 2 3-age families with Dent sickness by Pook et al. (1993). Twenty X-connected polymorphic markers were utilized and the Linkage was built up between Dents illness and the Xp1l 1 loci ARAFI (Z max = 5.42, 0 = 0.000), DXS426 (Z max = 3.61, 0 = 0.000), DXS255 (Z max = 5.48, 6 = 0.000) and DXS988 (Z max = 4.25, 0 = 0.045) to decide a locus request. Likewise, DXS255 has introduced a microdeletion in the influenced individuals from one family, permitting the limitation of Dents malady to Xp11.22 (Pook et al., 1993). Moreover, another proximal renal cylindrical issue related with nephrolithiasis in a North American family and alluded to as X-connected latent nephrolithiasis has lik ewise been mapped to Xpl1.22. Recommending that possibly there is one quality causing both X-connected latent nephrolithiasis and Dents infection. Atomic Genetics: An investigation led by Fisher et al (1994) found a microdeletion in one Dent’s sickness related, permitting the distinguishing proof of the quality CLCN5 as an up-and-comer. Besides, an examination of 11 kindreds with renal cylinder issue indentified 3 garbage, 4 missense, 2 benefactor join site transformations, 1 intragenic cancellation and 1 microdeletion in CLCN5 quality (Llyod et al., 1996). Moreover, Hoopes et al. (2005) indentified that a few patients with Dents malady experience the ill effects of extra-renal manifestations, for example, waterfall, gentle scholarly disability and hypotonia. Common changes in OCRL1 with the oculo-cerebrorenal condition of Lowe were distinguished in these patients. The nearness of such extra-renal indications with transformations identifying with Lowe disorder is known as Dent malady 2. An exploration directed by Bã ¶kenkamp et al. (2009) demonstrated that low-atomic weight proteinuria was a consistent element in all both Dent sickness 1, Dent illness 2 and oculo-cerebrorenal disorder of Lowe. Be that as it may, there was a wide cover in a large portion of different side effects of the proximal tubulopathy. Nephrocalcinosis was watched all the more as often as possible in patients with Dents infection 1 than those with Dents illness 2 and Lowe condition; aminoaciduria, renal cylindrical acidosis, and renal disappointment was watched more as often as possible in patients with Lowe disorder than patients with Dent-ailment 1 and Dent sickness malady 2. Hereditary qualities: Every one of these discoveries have exhibited that both Dent infection 1 and Dent sickness 2 are a X-connected passive acquired condition, brought about by changes in the OCRL1 (Dent ailment 2) or CLCN5 (Dent illness 1) qualities. These qualities are situated on chromosome Xp11.22 (Dent ailment 1) and Xq25 (Dent malady 2). Change in CLCN5 are liable for about 60% of the instances of Dent illness and transformation in OCRL are answerable for about 15% of the instances of Dent sickness (Hoopes et al., 2004). Thus, almost 25% of the instances of Dent sickness don't have a known malady causing change in OCRL or CLCN5, suggesting another hereditary heterogeneity. Because of the way that Dents malady is a X-connected passive issue, the sickness is commonly found in guys as it were. Females bearers may show a milder phenotype. Moreover, the sickness might be available in youth (Devuyst Thakker, 2010). To date around 250 families with Dent-1 illness and around 50 patients with Dent-2 malady have been accounted for (Ludwig, Levtchenko Bã ¶kenkamp, 2014). The analysis of Dents illness is consistently troublesome because of the wide fluctuation of clinical introduction and, at times, absence of family ancestry. Along these lines, the confusion is likely underdiagnosed and the commonness of this sickness in the populace is as yet obscure. In excess of 200 Dents malady 1 patients withCLCN5defects have been portrayed with a few diverse illness causing transformations everywhere throughout the quality. The kinds of changes incorporates missense (44%) and drivel (26%) transformations, little erasures/inclusions (15%) and join deserts (11%), with a couple of hotspots, generally influencing arginine codons. Huge additions/cancellations can be distinguished in around 4%of the patients. Be that as it may, OCRLmutations in Dents infection 2 patients are not consistently dispersed. Missense changes are generally found in exons 8â€15 while jabber or frameshift transformations regularly influence exons (Ludwig, Levtchenko Bã ¶kenkamp, 2014). CLCN5 encodes the electrogenic Cl㠢⠁â »/H+ exchanger ClC-5. OCRL1 encodes a phosphatidylinositol bisphosphate (PIPà ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã¢â‚¬Å¡) 5-phosphatase and transformations are likewise connected to the Lowe Syndrome. Changes in any of these qualities can come full circle in the need or brokenness of these significant proteins and result in the phenothype of Dents illness. Pathophysiology: The capacity to reabsorb low-atomic weight proteins and egg whites that are ultrafiltered by the glomerulus are qualities of the epithelial cells covering the proximal tubule bits of the nephron. This capacity includes a procedure called receptor-intervened endocytosis. In the receptor-interceded endocytosis the molecule to be endocytosed ties to explicit receptor proteins aggregated at specific areas in the plasma layer. A few sorts of receptors take an interest in the receptor-intervened endocytosis. These locales structure a little melancholy in the plasma layer that is secured by clathrin (a kind of stringy protein). After the authoritative of a ligand to plasma layer traversing receptors, a sign is sent through the film, prompting layer covering, amassing of the ligands into covered pits, and development of a layer invagination. The receptor and its ligand are then opsonized in clathrin-covered vesicles. The clathrin gives solidness to the vesicle that are being moved into the c ell. In the cytoplasm the vesicle loses its clathrin inclusion and individual vesicles breaker to early endosomes. The fermentation of endosomes by proton siphons ATP-subordinate prompts the separation of the protein-receptor complex. This procedure permits the endosomes to combine with the lysosomes through late endosomes. This fermentation is reached by ATP-intervened transport of cytosolic H+ through the V-ATPase and request an equivalent Cl conductance to safeguard electroneutrality. It has been hypothesized that the H+ inclination can be killed by the C1C-5 activity. In principle, ClC-5 gives an electrical shunt to kill the H+ inclination. In this manner, the vesicular fermentation ought to be impeded by the loss of the endosomal Cl conductance intervened by ClC-5, bringing about the brokenness of proximal tubule cells. To affirm this speculation, Piwon et al. (2000) made two particular strains of ClC-5 take out (KO) mice which both have side effects of the principle qualities of Dent’s malady including indications of proximal tubule brokenness like low-sub-atomic weight proteinuria. A decreased fermentation of early endosomes in ClC-5-lacking mice have been shown by in vitro explores. Be that as it may, ClC-5 is a 2Cl/H+ exchanger and not only a Cl channel, so the significance of this trade movement for Dent’s infection was as yet obscure and should have been surveyed. So as to research this important inquiry, Novarino et al. (2010) made a thump in (KI) mouse introducing a point transformation in a significant glutamate buildup which changes the exchanger into an uncoupled Cl channel that should help the endosomal fermentation. The customary ClC-5 KO mouse was accordingly contrasted and the KI mice. Fermentation of the renal endosomes from wild-type and KI mice was ordinary, however extraordinarily hindered in KO mice. By the by, similar side effects were indentified in both KI and KO mice, in spite of typical endosomal fermentation and pat ients with Dent’s infection, including low-sub-atomic weight proteinuria, hypercalciuria and hyperphosphaturia. In addition, both the KI and KO mouse introduced disabled proximal tubule endocytosis, demonstrating that proximal tubule brokenness in Dent’s illness may occur notwithstanding the customary fermentation of the endosomes. These discoveries show a capacity for a reduced endosomal Cl collection in Dent’s infection. Finding: The clinical finding of Dent’s infection is grounded on the nearness of low-sub-atomic weight proteinuria, hypercalciuria, and in any event one of the accompanying qualities: kidney stones, hematuria, nephrocalcinosis, renal inadequacy or hypophosphataemia (Hoopes et al., 2004). The clinical finding can likewise be upheld by nephrolithiasis or potentially history of X-connected legacy of renal Fanconi disorder. The finding can be affirmed by the acknowledgment of change in both CLCN5 or OCRL1 by succession investigation. Arrangement examination of influenced guys allo

Struggling to plan for applications Heres my timeline. COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog

Struggling to plan for applications Heres my timeline. COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog Applying to graduate school can be daunting especially if you have work and personal commitments that make it hard to keep track of the what feels like an endless list of documents. Speaking from personal experience, its very normal to feel overwhelmed, especially when stress and anxiety start creeping in. To help you plan ahead, I wanted to share with you my personal timeline that helped keep me on track throughout the application process. As an international applicant, I dont think the process is too different from domestic applicants. For me, the biggest challenges were finding a GRE testing centre, managing the time differences for application/QAs, and translating and notarizing documents where needed. For more tips on international applicants, check out Yitings post here. My biggest challenge in meeting the deadline was for things beyond my control.    For example, recommenders must submit their Letters of Recommendation directly, so plan ahead to avoid added stress, especially if you have other commitments at the same time. Phase 1: Plan ahead and map out a game plan Essay questions: Spend some time thinking about these essays and draft a skeleton of key points. Its a helpful tool for you to understand why you want to go to graduate school and what you hope to get it out of it Professional Resume/CV: Pull out that old, dusty resume! Reach out to friends and colleagues for samples if you want some inspiration Quantitative Language Resume/CV: Think about what skills and experiences you have that can go into this. Identify if you have gaps and think about how to plug those gaps. Letters of Recommendation: Identify 2 (or 3 if you prefer) professional contacts who can help create the right narrative for you Academic Transcripts: Unofficial transcripts are fine when applying, but you may still need to reach out to academic institutions and send those transcripts. This is a quick and easy win! GRE/GMAT: Get those GRE/GMAT books and start studying! I personally started (by started, I mean I bought the books) 8 months before the deadline but only geared up 5 months before (I took the exam 3 months before the deadline). This is because I wanted to focus the last stretch on essays without the added stress of exams. As an international student, my home country had limited places and seats where I could take the test, so booking a spot early helped me plan my studying schedule accordingly. Need more tips? Check out Niaras advice on preparing for the GRE here. For TOEFL/IELTS/PTE: Even though Im an international student, I didnt have to fulfill this criteria as my undergraduate degree was taught in English. Based on other Seeples experiences, the timeline with TOEFL/IELTS/PTE, is similar to the GRE/GMAT. As I dont have personal experience, I have omitted this from the timeline. Phase 2: Execution and keeping yourself on track Essay questions: Draft out those essay questions! I recommend getting feedback from 2/3 other people to help you fine tune your messaging (and to keep to the word limit!) but wouldnt go more than that as it can get very   daunting. It took me many drafts before I was comfortable enough to get feedback. I also ended up re-writing one essay so that I could better capture my thoughts. Keep in mind this could be a long process of reiteration. Its different for everyone! Professional Resume/CV: Clean up your resume/CV, get feedback from trusted friends or colleagues, and submit! Thats two ticks down, which is a great way to keep you motivated. Quantitative Language Resume/CV: I personally struggled with this and spent a lot of time thinking about what I should include. I ended up including everything I did at school and work that had a quantitative element (even if it was minor). A sample of the resume can be found here. Write that resume and submit. (Three things done!) Letters of Recommendation: Reach out to recommenders and prep them! Once recommenders accept, share  this useful outline to help them plan their letters. I also shared some key points and achievements that they may want to include. This approach does differ as every recommender has their own style. But dont assume that they dont need a little coaching to tailor their narrative for you, prepping your recommenders is key! GRE/GMAT: Book your test date and study, study, study! I took the test during this phase and it was a huge weight off my shoulders. And don’t forget, when you complete the exam, you have five schools you can send your scores to for free! If you’re set on SIPA, send it to 2161. It costs $27 to send it later. Phase 3: The last mile and submission!   via GIPHY Essay questions: Final round of edits and click that submit button! By this point, you might be so tired of those essays, youre just making unnecessary (and possibly detrimental!) edits. Video essay: While this may seem terrifying, its only 120 seconds of your life! The video essay is available only after you submit your application and pay the app fee. More details on accessing it can be found here. The questions really range and I prepped for it by thinking about how I would best structure my answers to sound more confident and coherent. My only advice is breathe, be yourself and use those 60 seconds wisely! Letters of Recommendation: Help recommenders by reminding them of the deadline and offering to help them with key points or messages. When theyre ready to submit, they should check their inbox and spam folders so that they dont miss the link SIPA sends them.  They will use this link to log in to the application system and submit their letter on your behalf. If they have issues with the online submission, they can contact  sipa_admission@columbia.edu. Please remember that all letters should be on letterhead,  signed and in English (or accompanied by certified translations). An applicant does not need to wait for recommenders to submit their information prior to submitting the application. There is no problem with an application being submitted before all of the recommendations have been submitted. The opposite is true as well â€" there is no problem with a recommender submitting a letter before the application is submitted GRE/GMAT: If youre still crunching for the GRE, thats okay! You only need to submit self-reported test scores with the application by the deadline, so that helps ease the burden. Scores must be verified after admission to the program, but before your scores expire. Phew that was a lot to digest but hopefully this helps. Everyone has their own journey and process when it comes to applying for graduate school so dont be terrified if yours is different! Find your sweet spot but most importantly, plan ahead so that it doesnt overwhelm you. Good luck!

The Big Problem With Obesity - 2022 Words

The Big Problem with Obesity According to statistics from the Center of Disease and Control (2013), over 35.7% of Americans are obese. The obvious cause for such a huge amount of fat comes from bad eating habits and not enough physical activity. These problems occur because of the direction of the American culture. With America in an era of recession, many have relied on welfare and lost all hope, which has led them to not being active at home. The activities come from another part of America’s culture, electronic devices. People are less enthusiastic to exercise, because of TV and checking social media has been a must to do. Organic foods are for the human body, but also expensive in the United States. Many people can’t afford to purchase organic food, so they find the quickest and easiest solution which is fast food and microwaveable dinners. A person might ask, why should people care about the obese people and their lifestyle? Obesity is filled with statistics of death and disease. 18% of Amer ican deaths from 1986 to 2006 are caused by obese symptoms to adults between the ages of 40 and 75 (Masters, Reither, Powers, Yang, Burger Link, 2013, pp.1900). Although there are not any recent statistics, Masters and his partners promise (2013, pp.1900) that there has not been a fight made to lower these results, which means obesity is still a big problem in American deaths. Even for the people that live and breathe today, obesity is still a major problem in today sShow MoreRelatedThe Big Problem With Obesity1514 Words   |  7 PagesAnthony Ramirez John Albert English 101 25 January 2016 The Big Problem with Obesity According to statistics from the Center of Disease and Control (2013), over 35.7% of Americans are obese. The most obvious of causes for such a huge amount of fat derives from terrible eating habits and lack of physical activity. These issues occur due to the direction of American culture. 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Essay on Csr Sustainability Practices- Walmart vs. Starbucks

â€Å"Sustainability: Actions Speak Louder Than Words† SUSTAINABILITY: ACTIONS SPEAK LOUDER THAN WORDS Introduction The purpose of this work is to analyze the mission, values, and core competencies relating to sustainability and the Triple Bottom Line of the corporations Wal-Mart and Starbucks. By analyzing the key differences not only in their values, but the application of their stated values, they can then be judged as to the superiority of their systemic approaches to sustainability. In the case of these two companies, ethics are the most notable difference, which causes Wal-Mart to experience a myriad of dilemmas that Starbucks doesn’t. This key difference is important because â€Å"nearly any dilemma an organization faces can†¦show more content†¦Perhaps the most telling of the core differences between Wal-Mart and Starbucks’ sustainability agendas relates to their motivation for sustainability measures to begin with. Wal-Mart seems to pursue sustainability measures for purely selfish reasons, utilizing sustainability measures more as a tool for their Public Relation s department than out of any real attempt at social responsibility. Starbucks however shows by the company’s actions that they are in fact genuinely concerned with operating sustainably. Starbucks makes realistic sustainability goals, then actively strives to meet them, publicly reporting on their progress annually (Timm 2005). After analyzing both Wal-Mart and Starbucks’ sustainability strategies, it’s clear that Starbucks’ business model is superior to Wal-Mart’s for several key reasons. First and foremost, because Starbucks adheres to their policies relating to sustainability, they are infused with Goodwill. Though an intangible asset, this Goodwill was estimated at valuing close to half a billion dollars in 2011 alone (YahooFinance 2012). This public perception is important. The Harris Interactive survey for example found that shoppers consider a company’s labor practices above all other social responsibility issues (Temple 2008). It should be no surprise then, given Wal-Mart’s spotty record relating to the treatment of their workforce, that the Reputation Institute ranked Wal-Mart asShow MoreRelatedSimilarities And Differences Between Starbucks And Walmart1380 Words   |  6 Pagesexamine the similarities and differences between Starbucks and Walmart in regards to people, profit, and planet. People Legal Compliance. Determining the relationship between a company and people can be evaluated in several ways. Legal compliance issues not only provide powerful insight into an organization’s ethical business practices, but also how these engagements affect people within the company. In Chou vs. Starbucks, it was determined that Starbucks misclassified shift supervisors as nonexemptRead MoreSustainability Initiatives A Demonstration Of Corporate Social Responsibility And Should Corporations Be Financially Responsible For The Environmental Disturbances2077 Words   |  9 Pagesleading sustainable efforts in their communities and should corporations be financially responsible for the environmental disturbances that they cause, be it directly or inadvertently? More specifically are the efforts of Wal-Mart to implement sustainability initiatives a demonstration of corporate social responsibility or just greenwashing? Relevant to these questions we hypothesis that despite the mult itude of efforts that are resulting in some groundbreaking policies for an Oligopoly such as thisRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 PagesCommunication 335 Leadership 367 Power and Politics 411 Conflict and Negotiation 445 Foundations of Organization Structure 479 v vi BRIEF CONTENTS 4 The Organization System 16 Organizational Culture 511 17 Human Resource Policies and Practices 543 18 Organizational Change and Stress Management 577 Appendix A Research in Organizational Behavior Comprehensive Cases Indexes Glindex 637 663 616 623 Contents Preface xxii 1 1 Introduction What Is Organizational BehaviorRead MoreCase Study148348 Words   |  594 PagesStrategy Corporate Strategy and Diversification International Strategy Innovation and Entrepreneurship Mergers, Acquisitions and Alliances Evaluating Strategies Strategy Development Processes Organising for Success Leadership and Strategic Change The Practice of Strategy Pages 30 37 47 59 69 79 88 99 108 115 122 132 144 150 162 Case Teaching Notes The LEGO Group: Working with Strategy The Global Pharmaceutical Industry: Swallowing a Bitter Pill Vodafone: Developing a Total Communications Strategy

The Basic Facts of Sat Perfect Essay Samples

The Basic Facts of Sat Perfect Essay Samples Sat Perfect Essay Samples Help! You've just written a distinguished essay. If your essay is describing a process, including how to make a huge chocolate cake, make sure your paragraphs fall in the right order. Before you begin a persuasive essay you will need to choose a topic. An analysis essay is a sort of persuasive essay. Writing a paper in apa essay format appears to be complex and boring job for all of the students. Determining the kind of essay is the very first step to writing a targeted essay. Apa essay also needs to be totally free of plagiarism. Browsing our essay writing samples can provide you a good idea whether the standard of our essays is the quality you're looking for. The cost of an essay rides on the total amount of effort the writer has to exert. The reader should know this and it's your job as the writer to paint the right picture in their opinion. If you're in such a scenario, you do not have to worry because our writers can write a perfect essay for you within a comparatively limited time. Our essay editors know precisely what it requires to get success. Readers should find the satisfaction of utilizing their time in an ideal method. Understanding how to write different kinds of essays will only enable you a limited volume. Therefore, you may easily place an order with us after realizing in the previous minute it is either too technical or time to complete it's not on your side without needing to be concerned about whether someone can help you with the entire practice. 1 way to think about the conclusion is, paradoxically, as a second introduction as it does actually contain lots of the same capabilities. It's due his uninterrupted pattern that from that clip on he can walk and he's confident about his capacity to walk. Now proceed to compose the ending. In the event you should place an order be assured that there will someone to steer you on the opposite end. Which will be part of my next review for one more show. If you're in such a circumstance, you don't need to be concerned anymore because we've got your back. Among the biggest obstacles that students face when attempting to write an outstanding essay is receiving the key points across in a clear, logical fashion that truly answers the esta blished question. Key Pieces of Sat Perfect Essay Samples You might find, however, that only a couple of middle paragraphs are sufficient to totally develop your thesis. Perspective Two is correct, but it just goes so far. In some instances, you may have written the paper, but you aren't sure whether it's a perfect English essay. For instance, if you're analyzing a photo essay on the internet or inside a booklet, a chronological treatment enables you to present your insights in the very same order a viewer of the document experiences those images. These guidelines are adopted in order to boost your knowledge regarding essay structure. To sum up, the statement isn't logical since there are a few errors in it. Learn more on the subject of apa essay format employing the next techniques! Details like these provide compelling support. Topics can change depending on your majors. Address every point, but you should be concise.

Ethics - Social Responsibility and Sustainability for Businesses

Question: Discuss about theEthics, Social Responsibility and Sustainability for Businesses. Answer: Introduction It goes along way for any particular organization to be considered as either successful or not (Shah 2014, p. 59). All this depends on the management strategy and the culture of the business fabricated within its ethical standard. Ethics in relation to business can be referred to as code of conductor or a system of moral principles which affect how decisions are made and executed within the constraints of any organization. It can also refer to application of ethical values in a business environment. A successful business need to be guided by asset of principles and code of conduct. This paper will focus on evaluating the ethics, sustainability, and social responsibility in businesses. For business to successfully carry out its activities and be able to achieve its vision, it must set up ethical standards that will guide the way it deals with its clients and stakeholders (Farias 2016). It thus calls for the organization to go beyond its own interests and put into consideration the needs of the general community as well as the environment. Success does not just come through making lots of profit (Wu, Kwan, Yim, Chiu, He 2015, p. 820). On the contrary a business requires to maintain its reputation within the society and its stakeholders for it to flourish longer and outdo its competitors in the market. With this in mind, managers need to be aware of the constitutes of ethical conduct and pass it down to their employees and be made known to the general public. Building ethical standards in the organization can take many forms. For instance, ensuring that employees are aware of and understand the cooperate value of the company by making clear the behavior that it seek s from employees that is for the good of community and environment. Wu et al. (2015) denotes that behaving ethically and maintaining the corporate social responsibility significantly helps to flourish a business. It has the power of attracting customers to the firms product and also enables the company to get the most talented employees and keeping the share of the company high thereby protecting it from turn over. Managers can further plough the value of ethics in their organization by educating the staff on what is at risk if they fail to perform ethically (Shah 2014, p. 59). This involves offering training programs to all workers so that they become aware of the value of ethic and how they can apply it for the good of the organization and the society. Encouraging a corporate culture in which employees feel free to speak the truth holding integrity to those in authority thus creating commitment from all corners of the organization (Thomas 2016). It being a pillar to ethical standards, encouraging openness to other peoples view and being diverse and open minded to all opinions whether popular or not will facilitate the success of the business. In addition to this, passing down the art of transparency about finances also plays a rudimentary role in building a conducive environment for a business. Going further to rewarding solid ethical behavior that will trigger other staff members to enumerat e the same and leading by examples plays major key roles in building ethical standards within the business. Every manager should adopt effective approaches to help in evaluating and deciding onethical dilemmas. It requires going beyond the interest of the business to that of the community involves shifting values of the organization from those of compliance to virtue-based. Ferrell (2016) denotes that it includes taking responsible to all the activities that occur internally and externally around the business. Environmental responsibilities and the need to care for the workforce for instance treating waste products prior to disposal and controlling the gasses released to the atmosphere (Anderson, Garavan Sadler-Smith 2014, p. 498). The benefit that comes in hand with creating a good rapport with the surrounding community like ensuring that the community is not affected adversely by waste product and also returning to the community such as offering scholarship and aid service is loyalty (Klettner, Clarke, Boersma 2014, p. 145). This builds the reputation of the organization and helps it t o flourish in the presence of other companies in the market. Companies that succeed in fostering a profitable atmosphere and build a good relationship with the community/win over their competitors always think differently through defining themselves on what they contribute. It does not entail changing purpose but being explicit on how they achieve their purpose to benefit the society thus generating long term values. Even though it is of great benefit to uphold ethical standards within the organization, it is also an added challenge to the management team to carry out this task while concentrating on making profit (Wang 2013 p. 131). As the business grows, losing site of what the company stands for is easy. Growth can make it difficult to ensure all stakeholders follow the rules. Among the challenges of ethical leadership is consistence. Adherence to rules you establish consistently in the business to act as an inspiration to your workers. Failure to adhere to them as a leader makes your workers see you as having a forged visage thus interpreting your vision and mission as public faade. In addition to this, it becomes more challenging as an administrator since creating a conducive atmosphere at workplace especially in an oppressive environment where employees fear to speak out the ongoing an ethical deed as they are afraid of being ostracized or even written off. It my also involve the creation of policies which might be a difficult task as it involves writing down clear goals and mission of the company (Rath 2016, p. 197). On the contrary winning over the competitors and enhancing sustainability prospect is not the only means to successful business rather, having a business plan plays also an integral part in success. The management and structure of the entailed in the business plan when followed correctly will act as a guide map or compass that ensures the organization triumphs in its endeavors. Learning from your past failures and trying to apply creativity to come up with best of products also play key role in ensuring that an organization outdo its competitors. Conclusion In conclusion, the success of any business should not only be measured in terms of how it makes profit. It also matters the way in which it up holds its ethical standards for the benefit of the public and the business itself. Therefore, it calls for the business focusing also on the social responsibility and sustainability. List of References Anderson, V, Garavan, T, Sadler-Smith, E 2014, 'Corporate social responsibility, sustainability, ethics and international human resource development',Human Resource Development International, 17, 5, pp. 497-498, Business Source Premier, EBSCOhost, viewed 20 April 2018. Farias, G, Farias, C 2016, 'Sustainability: Opportunity or Responsibility?',Competition Forum, 14, 1, pp. 54-64, SPORTDiscus with Full Text, EBSCOhost, viewed 20 April 2018. Ferrell, L 2016, 'Ethics and Social Responsibility in Marketing Channels and Supply Chains: An Overview',Journal Of Marketing Channels, 23, 1/2, pp. 2-10, Business Source Premier, EBSCOhost, viewed 20 April 2018. Klettner, A., Clarke, T., and Boersma, M. 2014. The Governance of Corporate Sustainability: Empirical Insights into the Development, Leadership and Implementation of Responsible Business Strategy. Journal of Business Ethics, 122(1): 145 - 65. Rath, AK 2016, 'Emerging Landscape of Corporate Ethics and Social Responsibility - Challenges and Options',Journal Of Institute Of Public Enterprise, 39, 3/4, pp. 137-154, Business Source Premier, EBSCOhost, viewed 20 April 2018. Shah, S. 2014. Corporate Social Responsibility: A Way of Life at the Tata Group. Journal of Human Values, 20(1), 59 74. Thomas, L 2016, 'Corporate Social Responsibility: A Socio-Economic Theory, Framework, and Model',Competition Forum, 14, 1, pp. 85-88, SPORTDiscus with Full Text, EBSCOhost, viewed 20 April 2018. Wang, Y. 2013. From Virtue Ethics to Virtuous Corporation Putting Virtues into Business Practice. PLATFORM: Journal of Media and Communication, 5(1), 131 139. Wu, L.Z., Kwan, H. K., Yim, F. H. K., Chiu, R. K., and He, X. 2015. CEO Ethical Leadership and Corporate Social Responsibility: A Moderated Mediation Model. Journal of Business Ethics, 130(4), 819 - 831.

Luther Essay Research Paper Martin Luther was free essay sample

Luther Essay, Research Paper Martin Luther was a German theologist and spiritual reformist, who started the Protestant Reformation, and whose huge influence during his clip period made him one of the important figures in modern European history. Luther was born in Eisleben on November 10, 1483 and was descended from the peasantry, a fact that he frequently stressed. Hans Luther, his male parent, was a Cu mineworker. Luther received a sound primary and secondary instruction at Mansfeld, Magdeburg, and Eisenach. In 1501, at the age of 17, he enrolled at the University of Erfurt, having a unmarried man # 8217 ; s grade in 1502 and a maestro # 8217 ; s grade in 1505. He so intended to analyze jurisprudence, as his male parent had wished. In the summer of 1505, he abandoned his surveies and his jurisprudence programs, sold his books, and entered the Augustinian monastery in Erfurt. The determination surprised his friends and appalled his male parent. Later in his life, Luther explained his suprising determination b y remembering several coppices with decease that had occurred at the clip, doing him cognizant of the fugitive character of life. We will write a custom essay sample on Luther Essay Research Paper Martin Luther was or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page In the monastery he observed the regulations imposed on a novitiate but did non happen the peace in God he had expected. Nevertheless, Luther made his profession as a monastic in the autumn of 1506, and his higher-ups selected him for the priesthood. Ordained in 1507, he approached his first jubilation of the mass with awe. After his ordination, Luther was asked to analyze divinity in order to go a professor at one of the many new German universities staffed by monastics. In 1508 he was assigned by Johann von Staupitz, vicar-general of the Augustinians and a friend and counsellor, to the new University of Wittenberg ( founded in 1502 ) to give introductory talks in moral doctrine. He received his unmarried man # 8217 ; s grade in divinity in 1509 and returned to Erfurt, where he taught and studied. In November 1510, on behalf of seven Augustinian monasteries, he made a visit to Rome, where he performed the spiritual responsibilities customary for a pious visitant and was shocked by the sophistication of the Roman clergy. Soon after restarting his responsibilities in Erfurt, he was reassigned to Wittenberg and asked to analyze for the grade of physician of divinity. In 1512, after having his doctors degree, he took over the chair of scriptural divinity which he held till his decease. Although still unsure of God # 8217 ; s love and his ain redemption, Luther was active as a sermonizer, instructor, and decision maker. Sometime during his survey of the New Testament in readying for his talks, he came to believe that Christians are saved non through their ain attempts but by the gift of God # 8217 ; s grace, which they accept in religion. Both the exact day of the month and the location of this experience have been a affair of contention among bookmans, but the event was important in Luther # 8217 ; s life, because it turned him resolutely against some of the major dogmas of the Catholic church. Luther became a populace and controversial figure when he publish ed his Ninety-five Thesiss on October 31, 1517. His chief intent of composing the theses was to demo his resistance for the corruptness and wealth of the pontificate and to province his belief that redemption would be granted on the footing of religion entirely instead so by plants. Although it is by and large believed that Luther nailed these theses to the door of All Saints Church in Wittenberg, some bookmans have questioned this narrative, which does non happen in any of his ain Hagiographas. Regardless of the mode in which his propositions were made public, they caused great exhilaration and were instantly translated into German and widely distributed. Luther # 8217 ; s spirited defence and farther development of his place through public university argument s in Wittenberg and other cities resulted in an investigation by the Roman Curia that led to the condemnation of his teachings and his excommunication. Summoned to appear before Charles V at the Diet of Worms in April 1521, he was asked before the assembled secular and ecclesiastical rulers to recant. He refused firmly, asserting that he would have to be convinced by Scripture and clear reason in order to do so and that going against conscience is not safe for anyone. Condemned by the emperor, Luther was spirited away by his prince, the elector Frederick the Wise of Saxony, and kept in hiding at Wartburg Castle. There he began his translation of the New Testament from the original Greek into German, a seminal contribution to the development of a standard German language. Disorders in Wittenberg caused by some of his more extreme followers forced his return to the city in March 1521, and he restored peace through a series of sermons. Luther continued his teaching and writing in Witt enberg but soon became involved in the controversies surrounding the Peasants’ War (1524-26) because the leaders of the peasants originally justified their demands with arguments somewhat illegitimately drawn from his writings. He considered their theological arguments false, although he supported many of their political demands. When the peasants turned violent, he angrily denounced them and supported the princes’ effort to restore order. Although he later repudiated the harsh, vengeful policy adopted by the nobles, his attitude toward the war lost him many friends. In the midst of this controversy he married Katharina von Bora, a former nun. The marriage was happy, and his wife became an important supporter in his busy life. After having articulated his basic theology in his earlier writings, he published his most popular book, the Small Catechism, in 1529. By commenting briefly in question and answer form on the Ten Commandments, the Apostles’ Creed, the Lord ’s Prayer, baptism, and the Lord’s Supper, the Small Catechism explains the theology of the evangelical reformation in simple yet colorful language. Not allowed to attend the Diet of Augsburg because he had been banned and excommunicated, Luther had to leave the presentation of the reformers’ position to his friend and colleague Melanchthon. In 1532 Luther’s translation of the Old Testament from the original Hebrew was published. Meanwhile, his influence spread across northern and eastern Europe. His advocacy of the independence of rulers from papal supervision won him the support of many princes. His fame made Wittenberg an intellectual center. By 1537, Luther’s health had begun to deteriorate, and he felt burdened by the resurgence of the papacy and by what he perceived as an attempt by Jews to take advantage of the confusion among Christians and reopen the question of Jesus’ messiahship. Apprehensive about his own responsibility for this situation, he wrote a violent polemic against the Jews, as well as polemics against the papacy and the radical wing of the reformers, the Anabaptists. In the winter of 1546, Luther was asked to settle a controversy between two young counts who ruled the area of Mansfeld, where he had been born. Old and sick, he went there, resolved the conflict, and died on February 18, 1546, in Eisleben. Luther left behind a movement that quickly spread throughout the Western world. His doctrines, especially justification by faith and the final authority of the Bible, were adopted by other reformers and are shared by many Protestant denominations today. As the founder of the 16th-century Reformation, he is one of the major figures of Christianity and of Western civilization.

In the life of a modern man born in the Renaissance essays

In the life of a modern man born in the Renaissance essays Have you ever pondered the birth of your hobbies? Or have you ever wondered who invented the mechanisms you use in your everyday life? Well, modern art, today's religion, and the present printing press had to originate some point in time. And what could be a better time then during the Renaissance and the Reformation? These three points were a major part of those years. If it weren't for them, a lot of things we have today, if you think about it, we simply would not have them. Modern art. Today's art is another way to express your feelings and emotions with the stroke of your hands. Back in the time of the Renaissance, the humanist's emphasis on cultivating an individual's talent inspired Italian artists to express their own values, emotions, and attitudes. In modern and in past times ...

Customer Care as a Tool for Accelerated Public Health Care Thesis

Customer Care as a Tool for Accelerated Public Health Care - Thesis Example From this discussio it is clear that  the government of Ghana takes full responsibility in management of the public facilities (including the public institutional health facilities) through financial services as well as the general management practices. It is in this understanding that this research is framed aimed at understanding service delivery by institutional based health facilities with special attention to the university hospitals. Though there are various university hospitals in operation within the country under the public domain, this research is directed towards specifically three-university hospital for ease of efficiency and convenience. Special focus is directed towards types and levels of the customer services that are offered within these institutions, which are not restricted towards the students only but are rather open and accessible by all the public.  As the study stresses  in Ghana, the classification of hospitals comes in different categories. Commonly t hough, it is likely to have a generalized classification such as government hospitals, private hospitals, institutional hospitals and mission hospitals. University hospitals are often placed under institutional hospitals and regardless of the fact that these university hospitals may be government assisted in terms of finances, their main administrative care is left in the hands of the university authorities.  

Group Project Final Report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Group Project Final Report - Essay Example After a certain time period, the evaluation can be carried out to find out if the investment is turning out as planned. The assumptions that can be applied the fact that the bond’s rate of return will remain constant and will be paid in time. The other assumption is that there will be no external factors that will adversely affect the running of a company. The reevaluation of assumptions can be done based on factors that affect the rate of return of bonds. The assumptions cannot be accurate because there are many external factors that largely affect rate of return. The things that did not work to our favor include the inflation rates. The inflation rates are dependent on a number of factors that cannot be controlled by a single individual. In reallocating, the investor can consider taking up investments that are in independent industries to ensure that profits are reaped even in the case of economic

Symbolic Interactionism Blumer

Symbolic Interactionism Blumer The essence of society lies in an ongoing process of action- not in a posited structure of relations -Blumer, 1969,(p.71) Although symbolic interaction theory is often applied primarily to the micro level, the structuring of interdependent lines of behavior at the meso and macro levels also involves shared definitions developed through interaction. The overall culture of a society is the objective outcome of these shared social definitions whereby subjective meanings are created, often expressed in material artifacts of various types, and either sustained or transformed through interaction. Symbolic Interaction-Process Versus Structure Many of the core ideas of symbolic interaction theory are grounded in the pioneering work of George Herbert Mead, particularly his perspective regarding the close relationship between the mental processes whereby people make sense of their environment and their interaction with one another. This relationship is manifested in the patterns of collaboration among people as they seek to develop shared interpretations of the situations they face. It is also reflected in how ones self-concept develops through awareness of the perspectives of others. In addition, contemporary symbolic interaction theory draws on Charles Horton Cooleys analysis of how ones feelings about oneself (pride or shame, for example) reflect ones sensitivity to the positive or negative reactions of others, especially in primary group settings. This is consistent with his often-cited concept of the looking-glass self. Symbolic interaction theory is comparable in some ways to Georg Simmels focus on the forms of interaction, but symbolic interaction theory goes deeper than Simmels perspective in emphasizing the symbolic medium through which interaction takes place plus the subjective mental processes that accompany it. This focus on the subjective level may be compared to Webers emphasis on understanding the subjective meanings of individuals actions. But while Weber moved well beyond the level of individual actions and subjective meanings to deal with broad patterns of institutional and cultural change, many symbolic interactionists resemble Simmel in their strong micro-level focus. Human beings relate to one another and to their environment in terms of interdependent roles they create and sustain. At the center of this process are the self-concepts or identities of the individuals involved as they interact and adjust to one another in face-to-face encounters. Human beings are thus transformed into students and teachers, friends and lovers, husbands and wives, team players and college graduates, customers and sales people, celebrities and deviants, soldiers and social workers, lawyers and police officers, members and outsiders, and so on. Social definitions are crucial even for defining the meaning and social relevance of human beings biological characteristics, such as sex, age, and weight, for example. The socially contrived character of large-scale institutional structures may not be as obvious as in small group relationships or childrens micro-level play worlds, but macro level social institutions are also socially constructed through widely shared subjectiv e definitions that are developed and sustained through interaction. This implies that when subjective definitions and interpretations undergo widespread change, institutional transformation may occur, which then changes the context of subsequent interactions at the micro level. The divisions between micro, meso, and macro levels of analysis are not rigid distinctions. From r various micro-level social circles, networks of social relations extend outward, thus providing an opening to meso and macro levels of the social world. The heritage one share as members of society also includes enduring cultural products and artifacts that have been constructed or reproduced by countless other people far beyond the range of ones own limited social circles or personal knowledge. Language obviously transcends personal micro-level social settings, even though language is actually reproduced regularly in the context of face-to-face interaction as well as in mass media communication. Even ones adaptation to the objective physical reality of the natural world (like the food one eats) is mediated through the symbols used to define and interpret it. All symbolic interactionists emphasize the micro-level linkages between the subjective consciousnesses, interpersonal interaction, and identity formation, as well as the symbolic and socially constructed nature of the larger social world. Symbolic interaction theory today differs from the pioneering social behaviorism emphasized by Mead in the early part of the twentieth century. Blumers Theorey: Symbolic interaction theory, under the influence of Herbert Blumer, was in large part a critical reaction to macro level types of analysis, particularly as reflected in functional theory, and the strong emphasis on the notion that peoples behavior is largely determined by social structures. For symbolic interaction theorists, the strong emphasis on culturally scripted norms and institutionalized roles was misplaced. This focus seemed to leave little room for individuals to make choices or to improvise as they interpret and adjust to the specific situations they face. For symbolic interactionists social structures do not exist as an objective reality that is independent of the actions of its human participants. Instead, all aspects of the social world are negotiated, constructed, and reproduced or sometimes transformed through ongoing processes of interaction and subjective interpretation whereby people mutually shape one anothers perceptions, definitions, and responses to their envir onment. Within this general framework, several different areas of emphasis can be identified within symbolic interaction theory. Symbolic interactionist perspective serves as a general framework for role theory, reference group theory, analyses of social perception and person perception, self theory, and dramaturgic theory. Of the various versions of symbolic interactionism, Herbert Blumers (1962) perspective expressed the strongest skepticism regarding macro-level theories such as functionalism. As he put it: By and large, of course, sociologists do not study human society in terms of its acting units, instead, they are disposed to view human society in terms of structure or organization and to treat social action as an expression of such structure or organization. Thus, reliance is placed on such structural categories as social system, culture, norms, values, social stratification, status position, social roles and institutional organization. (Blumer, pp.188-189 in Rose, ed. 1962) Blumer coined the term symbolic interaction and promoted Meads strong emphasis on the interrelated processes of mutual role-taking, interaction, and subjective interpretation that occur as people adjust their actions to one another in dealing with the particular situations they face. This emphasis on the need for people to improvise their responses to their environment and to one another seems to downplay the habits and memories that individuals bring to situations that they encounter over and over. It also seems to push the cultural and institutional framework that might influence their interpretations into the background. Even though social organization, culture, roles, and other structural features of the social world may not determine peoples behavior in a strong sense, such features may nevertheless be taken into consideration, especially in familiar situations. When people repeatedly face similar types of situations, they may employ ready-made responses with only a minimal amou nt of negotiation or reflection. This does not mean that social organization determines peoples behavior as an external force. It does suggest, however, that patterns of interaction and interpretation are not always as fluid as Blumer seems to suggest. People do indeed sometimes face novel situations that are unstructured and ambiguous and so will need to make a conscious effort to make sense of them as they explore with one another how to cope. In other situations, they may each have their own distinctive ideas on how to respond and so will need to negotiate their differences. But in many routine situations they already share an implicit understanding of its salient features and know how to respond. This means that very little negotiation is required if any. Regardless of these variations, patterns of social organization, including written rules and established authority or power structures, are never automatically self-enforcing. Instead, these structural factors become relevant only to the extent that people remember them and decide how to apply them. Sometimes there may be discussion and debate regarding whether or how an established rule or custom should apply. If there are large differences in power and authority, the negotia tion actually may be quite minimal, as those with relatively less power realize the futility of trying to get those with greater power to see things their way. By pushing social organization, culture, and similar concepts that transcend particular situations into the background, and by emphasizing the fluid and indeterminate nature of the immediate social world, Blumers approach makes it difficult to establish principles of social behavior that apply across different situations or to move from the micro to the macro level. However, other symbolic interaction theorists give more emphasis to stable structural categories than Blumer did. These structural influences do not determine behavior from the outside, as external or objective forces, however; instead, they are encoded in individuals subjective consciousness and shared memories and expectations. Although they may be interpreted to apply in unique ways in different situations, they are nevertheless reflected in participants predispositions regarding how to respond to the specific situations they face. The contrast between Blumers view of the fluid and undetermined nature of the social world versus a more structural version of symbolic interaction theory can be illustrated through the process whereby individuals self-concepts are developed, maintained, and changed. The relation between individuals self-concepts or identities, their social roles, and the reactions of others can be traced back to the pioneering work of Mead and Cooley. Contemporary symbolic interactionist theory offers several different strategies for exploring how individuals self-concepts or identities are expressed through the different roles they perform. The following section will deal in more detail with the relation between peoples role performances and their identities. Blumers image of the fluid and negotiated character of the social world implies that identities and social roles are not fixed but instead are largely improvised in each encounter as individuals seek to align their own self-concepts and intentions with the expectations of others. In contrast to Blumer, a more structural version of symbolic interaction theory puts greater emphasis on the standardized and routine expectations and behaviors of various roles. With this alternative focus social life is viewed as having a higher level of predictability than implied in Blumers perspective, especially in routine situations. Although behavior is not determined by social roles, with no room for individual variations, this structural version is closer to the conventional forms of sociological analysis that Blumer criticized. While roles may not be scripted in detail, there are definite guidelines and expectations that people tend to follow. Peoples self-concepts are multidimensional. They may r eflect roles associated with various personal characteristics as well as with the social positions they occupy. These roles include, for example, those associated with gender, age, family status, occupation, race or ethnicity, residential location, leisure time pursuits, general lifestyle preferences, and so on. Such roles are likely to be partially structured by general cultural expectations as well as by specific expectations that develop among people who interact on a regular basis. Even so, there is room for considerable improvisation in most cases as individuals express their own unique individuality and seek to satisfy their current needs and concerns. There are three fundamental premises underlying a symbolic interactionist perspective; and it is to Blumers great credit that these premises receive emphasis in his work. All are in fact central to Meads arguments, even while none of them originates with Mead. The first of these premises holds that an adequate account of human behavior must incorporate the perspective of the actor and cannot rest entirely on the perspective of the observer alone. The second of these premises asserts the priority of social interaction and the derivative, emergent nature of both self and social organization from that social process. The third argues that self, or persons reflexive responses to themselves, serves to link larger societal processes to the social interactions of those persons. The first and last of these premises contain between them the justification for insisting that socially formed meanings that are aspects of the subjective experience of persons are not only legitimately but are necessarily part of observers accounts of the social behavior of human beings. Contrary to Blumers position would be the emergent character of social life as well as ignoring the reality in experience of the dialectical relationship of what Mead called the I and the me. However, working from Blumers perspective on these matters does not require that one must retreat to phenomenologies of individual minds, or forgo attempts to develop theoretical explanations of social life that have some general applicability. If one accepts interaction as the source and substance of society, i.e., accepting the foundational character of the social process, it will surely be the acceptance of Blumers emphasis on the emergent character of self and social organization. This acceptance in turn implies the recognition of some degree of indeterminacy in attempts to foresee what will be from what is at any given moment of that social process. Further, such indeterminacy is principled and not merely a recognition of the incompleteness or inadequacy of present knowledge. The central role of self in mediating the relationship of social process and social behavior, one of the basic premises of symbolic interactionist thought whose emphasis in Blumers work need to be emphasized. Without invoking a concept such as self, attempts to come to grips with obvious variability of persons behavior in the face of apparent constancy of circumstance-biological, ecological, cultural, or social-are likely to founder similarly in a complementary way the concept of self permits dealing with that variability in specifically social terms. Meta-theoretical Conceptions of Blumer: The metatheoretical ideas proclaim the impossibility of general, predictive sociological theory as a consequence of the centrality of meanings and definitions in the production of human behavior. For Blumer, all social life is actively constructed by participants in the very process of interaction itself because this micro-constructivist process is taken to be descriptive of social life in general, it is also taken to be descriptive of the meanings and the interpretations applying those meanings assumed to be critical for each next step in the processes of interaction. Meanings in that sense are truly emergents, subject to literally continuous reformulation on a moment-to-moment basis. If meanings are indeed central, and if meanings are constructed in and particular to the experience of individual actors, emergent from their ongoing experience, it follows for Blumer that the generality required of the predictive, theoretical concepts in terms of which theoretical arguments are couche d cannot exist. Preexistent concepts cannot match the emergent interpretations of actors constructing their lines of social interaction. Given all of this, Blumer concludes, sociology can expect to be able to develop after-the-fact understandings of behaviors that have occurred, but cannot anticipate the development of general explanatory sociological theory in a predictive sense. Methodological consequences of Blumer: His metatheoretical argument has methodological consequences. For one thing, it implies the futility of a research enterprise that is initiated by a priori theory, or that anticipates behavioral outcomes via hypotheses arrived at deductively from such theory. For another, it suggests that research methods that fail to focus directly upon actors interpretations by setting up prior procedural or substantive constraints on how issues are formulated or are attacked-experimentation and survey research methods are cases in point-necessarily lack va1idity and the capacity to generate meaningful data. And for yet another, it underwrites the condemnation of the application of mathematical or statistical manipulations of data in efforts to draw from those data their sociological implications, on the grounds that numerical data are necessarily bereft of the meanings that define the essential character of sociological phenomena. Thus along with denying the possibility of explanatory sociological theory, Blumer severely restricts the legitimate range of investigatory (data gathering) techniques as well as analytic methods.Apparently, in his own mind only participatory observation meets his strictures but even that method would not survive a thorough logical analysis of its fit to Blumers methodological arguments. It is important to note that Blumers ideas which are fundamental to defining symbolic interactionism do not necessarily lead to the metatheoretical and methodological ends at which he himself arrives. Actors perspectives, the definitions of situations they call into play that are critical to the course and the content of interaction, are not unconstrained. Both the meanings those are possible to invoke in the course of defining situations, as well as the particular meanings from the range of possible meanings that are likely to be invoked, are not random events. They are, on the contrary, subject to the constraints of extant social and cultural systems. Further, there is some reasonable stability over time to the meanings attached to social objects. For practical purposes these do not change willy-nilly or from moment to moment in a way that signifies great change in behavioral outcomes. If there were no such stability, if meanings did not in general entail relative constancy from mo ment to moment, from day to day, even from year to year, there is no way that social life could have the predictability that enables people to live their lives as they do. The fact that meanings can change radically and precipitously does not argue that in general they do change radically and precipitously. This implies that one can indeed formulate general statements or theoretical propositions that go beyond the phenomenologies of single individuals, statements or propositions that are not subject to a priori rejection, whatever their fate may be at the hands of empirical evidence. To recognize that social life is constructed via definitional or interpretive processes and that there are few limits on what constructions are possible does not require one to abjure reasonably strong predictions, or to anticipate that predictions, when based on solid theoretical grounds, will lack credibility or validity. Neither does it obviate the recognition that the social process sometimes, perhaps even frequently, crystallizes and stabilizes in a manner that permits the theoretical recognition of selves and social structures that they themselves operate to constrai n and limit the possibilities for emergence in social life, that operate to transform possibilities into probabilities. Substantive ideas in Blumer: In substantive terms, it is Blumers treatment or lack thereof of social organization and social structure are both nonessential and highly problematic. For Blumer, society consists of the congeries of lines of individual action, the fitting together of these lines. Individual action is a matter of persons guiding their own action by interpreting the significance of things for that prospective action; group action is a matter of aligning individual action through a process of role-taking, i.e., searching out the meaning of others acts by ascertaining what they are doing or intend to do (Blumer 1969, p. 8). Social organization and social structures enter action only by shaping situations and providing the symbols used in interpreting situations, only as they enter into the process of interpretation and definition out of which joint actions are formed; and, in any event, they are less important in modern society than in stabilized, settled societies precisely because in the former there are fewer situations calling for previously regularized and standardized actions. Conclusion There obviously exist a number of very different senses of what symbolic interaction is substantively and what it implies methodologically. The problem is not that these different senses exist; the problem rather lies in the artificial and unnecessary oppositions among them created by the polemics that have historically characterized the literature of symbolic interactionism-the polemics of social movements and embattled minorities, the polemics that define orthodoxies and heterodoxies in seeking to recruit adherents to the banner being waved by the pure. The fact of multiplicity of alternative viewpoints in itself is healthy: self-control, choice, freedom and various other good things spring from alternatives symbolically represented in human experience. But multiplicity of views can be unhealthy if there is no communication across differences, if either structural or cognitive barriers prevent the alternatives from in fact entering the experience of persons, for then each person be comes the prisoner of his or her preferred -perspective. One is then used by perspectives rather than using them and the perspectives themselves are likely to ossify, to become unquestioned Truths and not potentially fallible ideas subject to logical and empirical examination and reformulation.

Pablo Picasso :: essays research papers

Pablo Diego Jose Santiago Francisco de Paula Juan Nepomuceno Crispin Cripiano de los Remedios Cipriano de Santisima Trinidad Ruiz Blasco y Picasso Lopez, or more commonly known as Pablo Picasso, the twenteith century's most famous artist. He created more than twenty thousand paintings. Of his most famous artworks are " Guernica", Les Demoiselles d' Avignon", and his many, many cubist style paintings that he created. At the age of twenty, he began to sign his paintings with just his mother's maiden name of Picasso. In the fall of 1901 he begins the Blue Period until he begins painting with more red colors in 1904 which is the start of the Rose Period. In the winter of 1908 he and Georges Braque become close friends and his work with analytical cubism turns into synthetic cubism. Picasso also began, as a section of cubism, to add bits of string and other materials to his work. By doing so, he was the inventor of the modern day collage. He also made his first important sale of art to Ambroise Vollard, who he also painted a portrait of in a cubism style. In 1906 he began to paint in the style of cubism that changed the entire form of modern art. He was merely 26 years old at the time. Pablo Picasso was born on the twenty-fifth of May, in October of 1881. He was born and raised in Malaga, Spain. He also had two sisters, Lola and Conchita. Conchita died when she was eight. His father was also an artist, and as Pablo grew up, he saw a prodigious amount of talent in Pablo. Not soon after, he began teaching Pablo all he knew about art and painting. At the age of ten, his family moved to northern Spain and he took an entrance examination for the Instituto de Guarda. He is one of the very few to have finished within 1 day, further proving his abilities. He studied at the Institute for 2 years before his family moved to Barcelona. There, he took classes at La Lonja and The Barcelona Academy of Art. After that he went to the Royal Academy in Madrid, but only finished one year of study there. As his life progressed he moved to Paris, France, where many of the most renowned artists, authors and sculptors lived. During his life Picasso held many mistresses. He married two of them and had four separate children

Amul Motivation

MOTIVATIONAL STRATEGY Motivation is the process of indoctrinating sales people with the unity of purpose to maintain aharmonious relationship among each other in the sales organization. Motivation is the amount of effort that the sales person desires to expend on each of the activities or the tasks associated withthe sales job. The selection of the motivational tool is the most crucial step in the design process and that iswhatAMULalso kept in mind. AMULdeploys both types of motivational tools i. e. : Financial motivators Financial motivation is the most prominent method to motivate the sales people towardsachieving higher sales) Non-financial motivators (Non-financial motivation plays a vital role for sales people at the later stages when they needthe psychological satisfaction, beyond the monetary benefits. In AMUL, financial motivators include: ?Adhoc Adhoc is a one type of allowance given to employees. union is deciding this allowance asan extra benefit for employees. ?HRA:- Hous e rent allowance is given to employees as an incentive.HRA is given to thatemployees who are not leave in quarter allotted by union. HRA is deciding bymanagement committee every three year according to designation of employee. ?Travel Allowance:- Travel Allowance is given to employees as incentives. Travel allowance is deciding bymanagement and committee according to designation of employee. ?Medical:- For the medical expanse of employees this allowance is given. Medical allowance isdeciding by management committee according to designation of employee. Thisallowance is given to employee for their children education. Bonus:- Individual employees may receive additional compensation payments in the form of bonus, which is a onetime payment that does not become part of the employees basic In AMUL bonus is paid to employee on regular basis on Diwali. According to thepayment of bonus Act. 1965 organisation must paid bonus at a rate of 8. 33%. AMULfollow this rule and paid minimum 8. 33% o f basic + D. A + Adhoc as a bonus. Some timethey also paid more than 8. 33% of bonus to employees. ?Production Bonus:- In AMUL production bonus is also paid to employees. management decides this bonus.In this bonus they decide some amount per day and than that amount is multiply withworking days of employees. whatever the resulted amount is given to employees as a production bonus. For example if management decide Rs. 4 per day and one employeework 200 days in a year than Production Bonus = 200*4 Production Bonus = 800 So that employee get Rs. 800 as a production bonus. In AMUL the other allowance is also given likePerformance Allowance. According to Gradethis allownce is given. In AMUL if any employee want advance then there will be provision of such facility.In AMUL they also have given LTC every four year to their employees. this mount paid according to designation of employee Non-financial motivators deployed in AMUL: Promotion Promotion may be defined as an upward advancement o f an employee in an employee in an organization, which command better pay, better working environment facilities and a higher responsibility. Following are some criteria to be considering for the promotion. ?Promotion should be earned. ?Opinion of Divisional Head, Past Record, Behavior is to be considering while promoting a person. ?Skill and Knowledge is also considered.In AMUL following point are to be consider while promoting employees. : ? Seniority. ?Vacancies. ?Opinion of Divisional head, past record, behavior. ?Skill and knowledge. ?Experience. ?Loyalty toward organisation. In AMUL, Managing director signs the promotion letter getting recommendation fromAdministrative Department. They have promotion policy on the period 3 or 5 year. In AMULRetirement Age decided is as 58 years. Seminar:- In AMUL seminars are organized for development purposes. For that, managerial person participate in seminar conducted by out side consultant company engaged.The seminar is conducted out side the premises of AMUL . In such type of seminar, sales people are motivatedto achieve their targets, they are encouraged to improve their leadership skills and supervision Conference:- The conference is ideally suited to learning problems and issues and examiningthem from different angles. In AMUL such conference are mainly arranged for managerialdevelopment. In this conference the discussion is focused on quality assurance, problem solvingetc. The trainees as members can learn from others..The other motivational and development programmes arranged by AMUL are within the premises. The development programmes are arranged on various topic like anger free life, mind power development, positive changing, personality development etc. Also program on effectiveleadership, motivation are arranged for the employees. This help managerial persons to maintaingood relation with employees. COMPENSATION POLICY IN AMUL The success of any sales organization depends on the achievement of the sales goa l set for theshort-term as well as long  ±term periods of time.While other programmes like sales forcerecruitment, training and motivation are a cost to the company,sales force compensation dealswith the management of the performance of the sales people for generating revenue for the firm. Sales people tend to increase and manage their performance by linking it to the compensationthey receive from the sales organization. In AMUL, compensation generally comprises of the cash payments which include fixed salary, bonus and shared profit. Good compensation plan have a salutary effect on sales people.Theyare happier in the work; co  ± operative with management and productivity is up. There can be both monetary and non  ± monetary forms of compensation too. Wages in the widest sense mean any economic compensation paid by the company under somecontract to his sales force for the services rendered by them. They are basic salary andallowances. The basic wage is the remuneration, which is paid or payable to the sales person interms of his contract of employment for the work done by him. Allowance includes dearnessallowance, bonus, overtime pay etc

Managing in a mixed economy Free Essay Example, 2000 words

The setting up of the Workington police station was majorly meant to offer security to the public and private enterprises in the region. The police organization in the area was to be supported by the government to ensure that their performance becomes a success. The success of the police system in Workington also depended on the structures of the English police unit, the process by which the strategies are implemented and the relationship between the police organization and other security providing systems as well as the external factors that influence the state of security of the nation such us religion and education (Courtney, 2002). The strategies cannot be a successful one if the resources required are not available. The Workington police station had to get the resources from the society which included people who worked in the station and helped in various management positions. Information was also part of the resources needed for the success of the station as it depended mainly on the information from the people about the insecurity problem to make a move in stepping up the security of the region. We will write a custom essay sample on Managing in a mixed economy or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/pageorder now The police station also need a strong financial support mainly from the government for fueling the police patrol and investigation vehicles, buying of machines that were important in investigations as well as for paying the supporting staff that works in the station. The managing strategy also included the management of change that occurred as a result of a change of the behavior of the insecurity causing reasons. Business strategy varies in a greater dimensions as compared to the public organization strategy (Courtney, 2002). A business oriented strategy model requires specific fields that when implemented will give rise to the increase in profit of the firm. These fields the mission and targets. A firm may be set with a mission that focuses on the current and the expected scope that entails the present and the expected levels of profit. The business scope covers a wider range that takes into consideration of the product level of competition, the m arket availability of the product and the future expectation of the performance of the product. The objects may focus on the aims that the company resulting from the changes in technology and the availability of the similar products from the firm competitors. Business strategies may be for either the short period or a long tern planning process Strategies concerns of the public sector such as the Workington police station vary greatly from the private firms because most of the government planning are influenced by the political dimensions on which the country is or looking to be in.